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by Randy Walker


"You don’t need religion to have morals. If you can’t determine right from wrong, then you lack empathy, not religion." 

If you are still reading, I want to offer my perspective on what this quote implies. I feel suited for this infamous task because, while I consider myself spiritual in a broad sense, I am agnostic when it comes to religion and its associated dogma.

First, let’s define the key terms: religion, morals, and empathy. ” Webster’s New World Dictionary, Third College Edition, defines religion as “belief in a divine or superhuman power or powers to be obeyed and worshipped…” The same source defines morals as “good or right in conduct or character.” Continuing with the same source, empathy is “the projection of one’s own personality into the personality of another in order to understand the person better; ability to share in another’s emotions, thoughts, or feelings.

How do we act “good or right in conduct or character”? I believe that we can presume that if we act in self-destructive ways, we are not only harming ourselves, but we are also harming those who love us, look up to us, or depend on us in various ways. Obviously, committing acts that harm others, whether physically or emotionally, shows a lack of morals; however, broadening that perspective to include self-destructive behavior seems valid and logical. So, if we practice empathy (not mere sympathy, which is a measly recognition of and sorrowful feeling toward another’s plight), we are more likely to behave and conduct ourselves in “good or right” ways. Such behavior stems from positive character traits.  


Stated another way, if we are able put ourselves in other people’s shoes and share their thoughts and feelings, we are able to accept different viewpoints whether we agree with them or not. Despite being an obvious cliché, “Don’t judge another until you have walked a mile in their shoes,” has a profound implied meaning. Plus, if we have had a similar experience, we can project ourselves into and share those thoughts and feelings in a seemingly real sense. Simply and concisely put, when we feel others pain, we are motivated to act in ways that are good or right toward them. To me, it is not a huge leap to conclude that empathy induces moral behavior, and it needs no help in doing so. In light of this, where does this leave religion’s role in moral behavior?

Before I continue, I want to make it perfectly clear that I do not see religion as inherently bad or useless. Just because I am agnostic, and cannot accept the absolute nature of the underlying beliefs and dogma of any religion, does not mean I am against it, nor do I demean anyone for adopting a religious or spiritual belief system. It is obvious to me, however, that religion (any religion) is not required for moral behavior. In fact, if religion is not viewed through a wide-angle lens and used as a vehicle or template to promote and sustain moral behavior, it can become a twisted, confusing mess that promotes intolerance and violence against those perceived as outside a specific religious belief system. I could cite several examples of how most major religions in the world have been twisted into dysfunctional fanaticism that supports hatred, prejudice, discrimination, murder, terrorism, and war, but they are common knowledge with no need for specific mention. In other words, blind religious clinging can be just as volatile and dangerous as sociopathic behavior, which is anti-social behavior with no regard for the rights or well being of others.

Please understand that I am not slamming people who believe in a higher power; maybe this is what let’s them accept that we live in an imperfect world, which we have little to no control over. I know there is a larger purpose, force, power (whatever term is used) than me, but I also believe that I need to exert my time and energy into controlling my behavior by being empathetic toward both the religious and non-religious. Religion that promotes blind faith and allegiance is not something I want or need in order to be a moral person, nor do I see it as necessary for anyone to behave morally.

 
 


Comments

12/22/2012 18:07

Thanks for this, Randy. I'll begin with what I commented via Facebook:

Excellent points. The core issue of morality aside from religion is poorly understood. Most religious people seem to have a simplistic view that apart from whatever is their concept of God and "God's commandments", there IS no basis for morality. There are LOTS of problems with this view, a couple of which I'll mention in the comment section of this blog post.

(Now those issues): First, that appealing to the Ten Commandments or some other measure of "moral absolutes" merely kicks the can (of a basis for morality) down the road... It is dependent on an agreement among theists (God-believers) re. whose "God" gave the commands, thus making them authoritative.

Coming to an agreement on the nature or identity of God is at least as hard (I'd argue harder) than coming to general consensus on a few basic morals, across religions and ASIDE FROM any formalized religion, as you suggest.

THEN if everyone could agree on basing morality on some statement (such as the Ten Commandments), we immediately encounter the problems of deciding if some or all of it is above any one culture (esp. the one originally recording it). Next is interpreting it and applying it to unclear situations. For example re. "Thou shalt not commit murder (or kill)", does that include self-defense killing, killing in immediate defense of another, killing in warfare... only a "just" war, or any war (and who is to determine that, etc.), etc.?

In all: I see more drawbacks than benefits in an appeal to any "revealed" standards generally encoded in religions, as to the basis of morality. If we go through the same process of discussion and analysis, we may end up at the same place going either through or around religion. BUT, if religion is appropriately seen as limited and potentially confining and discouraging of deeper analysis, the process may be faster. I have come back, slowly, to affiliating myself with progressive Christianity, but mainly to help other Christians get clarity on things like this, and to being able to distinguish between the stories and rituals that they find meaningful and sustaining on one hand and "reality" on the other. (That is, reality perceived by supposing revealed, exclusive truth status for the stories and their interpretations, with salvation available only to those with correct beliefs/faith.)

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12/28/2012 18:59

I would take your conversation one step further. Insofar as religion serves a function as a source or regulator of morality, it must do so by promoting empathy. To the extent that my faith encourages me to think, feel, and act with empathy, it's doing a great job as a moral source. If, on the other hand, my faith encourages me to separate myself intellectually and emotionally from other people, it is probably encouraging immorality rather than morality.

From this I would conclude that one of the primary roles of religion in society is to promote empathy. I think we can judge the efficacy of religion in part by its success or failure in this capacity.

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12/29/2012 13:16

Good comment, Emily. You have nailed it very succinctly. Sounds a bit like the way Ken Wilber might put it... are you familiar with and an appreciator of his work?

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Dominic
03/31/2013 13:35

I'm an atheist but somewhat pessimistic about the notion that our innate ability to empathise (& so be good) without some outside encouragement - for me this is what religion, when at its best, does - actively encourages us to be good. Of course, at it's worst it also encourages us to be murderously intolerant. Conclusion: what we need is a system of moral beliefs that is humane with expert propagators of that system ("Wise Men" if you like rather than only "Intelligent Men") - or, put another way, a new and godless religion. Humanism??? Pantheism???

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